CBSE - Agriculture

Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture
ANS (b) Plantation Agriculture

Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton
ANS (b) Gram

Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Jawar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum
ANS (a) Pulses

Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influential support price
ANS (b) Minimum support price

Tea is an important beverage crop. This plant grows well in tropical or sub tropical climates, and deep and fertile well-drained soil which is rich in humus and organic matter.

Rice is a staple food crop of India. It grows in the plains of north and north-east India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.

The various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government for the benefit of farmers are:
→ Crop insurance against drought, flood, fire etc.
→ Minimum Support Price policy.
→ Subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers.
→ Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme.

A declining area of land under cultivation coupled with increasing population have many consequesnces. These are:
→ Food shortage for the rising population.
→ Rise in price of food grains.
→ Unemployment and loss of livelihood for farmers.
→ Shortage of supply of raw material for agro-industries.
→ Adverse affect on export trade as agricultural products comprise a major section of international trade.

Various initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production are:
→ Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of Zamindari etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
→ Land Reform was the main focus of our ‘First Five Year Plan’.
→ The Green Revolution was based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.
→ Minimum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilizers, Grameen Banks, Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme are also some of the reforms bought by Indian Government.

The impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. Raw cotton and spices were important export items from India. In 1917, Indian farmers revolted in Champaran against being forced to grow indigo in place of foodgrains, in order to supply dye to Britain's flourishing textile industry. Thus, globalisation has had its boons and banes for Indian agriculture.
Post liberalisation, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidised agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

The geographical conditions required for growth of rice are as follows :
→ It is a kharif crop and requires hot and humid climate for cultivation. Temperature above 25°C and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm are favourable for growth of rice.
→ Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic areas which are renewed every years are ideal for rice cultivation.
→ Rice requires abundant rainfall or good water supply through irrigation and flooded fields during the earlier part of its growing season in June-July.
→ Plenty of cheap labour as most of the farming involves manual labour.

Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers. 

1. The two staple food crops of India.
2. This is the summer cropping season of India.
3. Pulses like arhar, moong, gram, urad contain…
4. It is a coarse grain.
5. The two important beverages in India are…
6. One of the four major fibers grown on black soils.

Answer
1. Rice and Wheat
2. Kharif
3. Protein
4. Jowar
5. Coffee, Tea
6. Cotton

What part of Total population of India is engaged in agriculture activities:
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/3
(c) 2/5 (d) 1/4

ANS A

Which one of following is not Agro-based industry:
(a) Cement Industry (b) Jute Industry
(c) Cotton textile Industry (d) Sugar Industry

ANS A

It’s type of Agriculture where farmers clear a patch of and produce rereads and other food crops to sustain that family that is:
(a) Commercial farming (b) Extensive farming
(c) Modern farming (d) Slash and burn farming

ANS D

Agriculture where a single crop is grown on large area:
(a) Shifting Agriculture (b) Plantation agriculture
(c) Horticulture (d) Extensive Agriculture

ANS B

Which one of the following is ‘Kharif’ crop:
(a) Wheat (b) Mustered
(c) Maize (d) None of these

ANS C

Maximum consumption of natural rubber is made of –
(a) Auto tyres & tubes (b) Footwear
(c) Beats and hoses (d) Dipped goods

ANS A

India is the larger producer as well as the consumer of the world?
(a) Wheat (b) Maize
(c) Pulses (d) Millets

ANS C

India has three cropping seasons:-
(1) Rabi
(2) Kharif and
(3) Zaid
(1) Rabi crops: - Shown in winter from October to December.
 - Harvest in summer from April to June.
 - Main crop-wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard
(2) Kharif crop:
 - Grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country.
 - Harnest in September-October.
 - Maize jawar , bajra ,cotton, Soya been
(3) Zaid crops:
 -sown between rabbi and kharif seasons.
 Crops: watermelon, Muskmelon, cucumber, fodder etc.

1.Indian agriculture products are not able to compete with the developed countries.
2.Bad condition of marginal and small farmers
3.Caused land degradation due to overuse of chemicals.

Rabi	Kharif
a) Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June	a) Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in the different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October.
b) Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.	b) Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur(arhar)moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.
c) States from north and northwestern parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of wheat and other rabi crops	c) Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the(Kankan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh Bihar. Recently, paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana

“Horticulture:-It is an art of cultivating fruits and vegetables. India is the largest producer of fruits
and vegetables in the world. India is the producer of tropical as well as temperate fruits.”
India is known for
- Mangoes - Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
- Oranges - Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya),
- Bananas- Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu,
-Lichi and guava- Uttar Pradesh and Bihar,
-Pineapples - Meghalaya,
-Grapes - Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra
-Apples, pears, apricots, and walnuts - Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are in great demand all
 over the world.
 India produces about 13 per cent of the world vegetables. It is an important producer of pea,
cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato.

Subsistence agriculture	Commercial agriculture
(a) Subsistence agriculture is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, Dao and digging sticks, and family/ community labour	a) The main characteristics of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemicals fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
(b) Farmers and their family produce cereals for themselves and for the local market.	b) Crops are grown on a large scale with a view to export them to other countries.
(c) It is practiced in thickly populated areas	c) It is practiced in sparsely populated areas.
(d) Cereals like wheat, rice, millets are mainly raised.	d) Wheat, cotton, sugarcane etc. are mainly raised.

four important fiber crops of India are:
 Cotton, Jute, Hemp and Natural silk.
Cotton:-
(a) India is known as the original home of the cotton plant.
(b) India is the third largest producer of cotton in the world. (c)Cotton grows well in the drier parts of the black
 cotton soil of the Deccan plateau.
(d) It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210-frost-free days and bright sun-shine for its
 growth.
(e) It is Kharif crop and requires 6 to 8 months to mature.
(f) Major Cotton producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
 Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
OR
Jute:-
(a) Jute is known as the golden of fiber.
(b) It grows well on well-drained fertile soil in the flood plains where soils are renewed every year.
(c) High temperature is required during the time of growth.
(d) Major jute producing states are West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and Meghalaya.
(e) It is used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artifacts.