CBSE - Manufacturing Industries

Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material.
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
ANS (b) Cement

Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
ANS (b) SAIL

Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
ANS (a) Aluminium

 Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
ANS (b) Electronic

Manufacturing is the process in which goods are produced after processing the various raw materials.

Three physical factors for the location of the industry are:
→ Availability of raw material. 
→ Suitable climate. 
→ Availability of water and power supply.

Three human factors for the location of an industry are
→ Availability of cheap labour
→ Availability of services such as consultants and financial advice
→ Availability of Market

Basic industries are those which supply their raw materials to industries which manufacture other goods. An example is the iron and steel industry which supplies steel to the automobile industry.

The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are: limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.

Integrated Steel Plants are large plants which handle everything in one complex – from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.
Mini Steel Plants are smaller, have electric arc furnaces, use mainly steel scrap and sponge iron as inputs. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications.

Problems of Steel Industry:
→ High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
→ Lower productivity of labour.
→ Irregular supply of power.
→ Poor infrastructure.

Following are some recent developments that have led to a rise in the production capacity:
→ Liberalisation
→ Foreign direct investments (FDI) with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
→ Improvement in production process by the use of newer technologies.

Industries are responsible for four types of pollution – air, water, land, and noise pollution. Following are the various reasons:
→ Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
→ Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
→ Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants are drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
→ Wastes from nuclear plants cause cancer, birth defects and miscarriages.
→ Dumping of wastes especially, glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and other garbage render the soil useless.
→ Noise pollution is caused due to industrial and construction activities, factory equipment, generators, electric saws, drills and other machineries.

The steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry are:
→ To control water pollution, industrial effluents need to be treated on all three levels (primary, secondary and tertiary); the use of water for processing should be minimised via reuse and recycling; rainwater can be harvested to meet water requirements, and ground water usage should be regulated by law.
→ For the minimisation of air pollution, smoke stacks should be fitted to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators. Also, smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
→ Noise pollution can be controlled by fitting generators with silencers, redesigning machinery to reduce noise, and using earplugs and earphones besides other noise absorbing material.

Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.

(i) Used to drive machinery                 (5) P...........................

(ii) People who work in a factory          (6) W..........................

(iii) Where the product is sold              (6) M..........................

(iv) A person who sells goods             (8) R...........................

(v) Thing produced                             (7) P...........................

(vi) To make or produce                      (11) M..........................

(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded       (9) P...........................

Answer

(i) Power
(ii) Worker
(iii) Market
(iv) Retailer
(v) Product
(vi) Manufacture
(vii) Pollution

Q.1. In 1857 where the first cotton mill of India was founded
A. Mysore B . Madras C . Surat D. Bombay

Q.2. Largest producer of Jute and Jute made goods
A. Bangladesh B. India C. Sri Lanka D. Brazil

Q.3. Iron and steel is a
A. an agro base industry B. a chemical industry
C. basic industry D. tertiary industry

Q4. Durgapur is situated in
A. Jharkhand B. Orissa C. Chhattisgarh D. West Bengal

Q.5 Chemical industries usually are located near
A. Iron and steel industries B. Thermal power plant
C. Oil refineries D. Automobile industry

Q6. STP is the Abbreviation of
A. System tech park B. Software Technology Park
C. State thermal plant D. Software Technology Picket

Q7. NTPC is the Abbreviation of
A. National Textile Production Company
B. National Technology Production Company
C. National Thermal Power Corporation
D. National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation
 
Q8. Atomic power plant causes
A. Water Pollution B. Noise Pollution C. Air Pollution D. Heat Pollution

Q9. Manufacturing industries includes
A. Crop production B. Fish production
C. Plantation D. Sugar Production

Q10. Manufacturing industries includes
A. Converting raw material into ready good B. Transporting raw material
C. Producing raw material D. Procuring raw material 

Answers key of MCQ :
 (1) d (2) b (3) c (4) d (5) c  (6) b (7) c (8) d (9) d (10) a 

(i) Cities provide market and also provide services such as banking, insurances, transport, labour,
 consultants and financial advice etc. to the industries.(ii) Industrial workers need houses and other
 facilities. The provision of these facilities can convert a
 small town into big cities.

Cities provide market and other facilities like banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants, and
 financial advice etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make, use of the advantages
 offered by the urban institutions. This is known as agglomeration economies.

Physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries are:
 (i) Availability of raw materials
 (ii) Availability of power resources
 (iii) Suitable climate
 (iv) Availability of water

 Human factors that affect the location of industries are:
 (i) Availability of labour (ii) Availability of market (iii) Government policies

Those industries that employs large number of workers in each unit and having large production level are
 known as large scale industries. e.g. cotton textile industry.

The industry that employs small number of workers in each unit and having small production level is
 known as small scale industry. e.g. readymade garment industries.

(i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
 (ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation are available in almost every part of the country.
 (iii) Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily available in India.
 (iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using simple tools and machines.

(i) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton bull pluckers and
 workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.
 (ii) Agriculture provides raw material to the industry i.e. raw cotton.

(i) Lack of good quality long staple cotton
(ii) Erratic power supply
(iii) Out dated machinery and technology
(iv) Low output of workers
(v) Stiff international competition

(i) To increase the productivity
(ii) To improve the quality
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers
(iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare

The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because -
(i) Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging
(ii) The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials.

(i) High Costs and Limited availability of coking coal.
(ii) Lower productivity of labour
(iii) Shortage of power
(iv) Poor infrastructure.
(v) Low Investment in Research and Development.

Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:
 (i) It is the industry which lays the foundation of rapid development of other industries such as heavy  Engineering, defence equipment, automobiles, aeroplanes etc.
(ii) It is also helpful in providing employment.
(iii) It also helps in the development of agriculture.

1. Employment generation: Manufacturing industry is the main source of employment for large number  of skilled as well as unskilled workers.
 2. Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods bring foreign exchange to India.
 3. Reduction of pressure on land: Manufacturing industry produces products of daily needs and helps  the common people to fulfill their basic needs. It reduces pressure on agricultural sector for  employment.
 4. Removal of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for the removal of  economic problems like poverty, unemployment and economic inequality. It also helps in bringing  down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.

1. Employment- The jute industry supports 2 61 Lakh workers directly another 40 lakh small and marginal  farmers who are engaged in cultivation of jute and Mesta.
 2. Products: Jute industry provides products of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats etc.
 3. Foreign Exchange: Exports of raw jute and manufactured goods bring foreign exchange
 4. Promotion of Small Scale Industry: Many products of the jute industry are manufactured by cottage and  small scale industry. So it promotes decentralization of industry.

North India is regarded as the main centre of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer.
 Over the time the sugar industry is shifting towards south India. The main reasons behind shifting of the  sugar industry towards south India are:
 (i) The sugar contents in the cane is higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.
 (ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
 (iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.
 (iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
 (v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the south India than  north India.