CBSE - Resources and Development

Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable
ANS (d) Non-renewable

Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable

ANS (a) Replenishable

Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing

ANS (c) Over irrigation

In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand

ANS (d) Uttarakhand

In which of the following states is black soil found?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
ANS (b) Gujarat

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil.
Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.
Three features of alluvial soil:
→ Alluvial soils are very fertile.
→ They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy.
→ The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.

In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour-lines, making use of terrace farming techniques and using strips of grasses to check soil erosion by wind and water.

Biotic Resources: The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are called Biotic Resources. For example, animals and plants including human beings.
Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living things are called Abiotic Resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.

Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing, and waste land. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land used for other non-agricultural purposes such as housing, roads and industry. According to the recent data, about 54% of the total land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.
The land under forest has not increased since 1960–61 because in the post-independence era demand for more land to expand agriculture, mainly after Green Revolution, developmental works and infrastructural facilities, led to clearance of forests areas. Industrialisation and urbanisation also decreased the forest area. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.

Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources on account of various factors such as:
→ Technological development provides sophisticated equipments. As a result, production increases ultimately leading to consumption of more resources.
→ Technological development also leads to economic development. When the economic condition of a country rises, the needs of people also rise. It again results into more consumption of resources.
→ Economic development provides favourable environment for the development of latest technologies. It helps to make or convert various materials found around us into resources. Finally, it results into the consumption of new available resources too.

Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.

(i) Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals.
(ii) A type of non-renewable resource.
(iii) Soil with high water retaining capacity.
(iv) Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
(v) Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
(vi) The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils.

Answer

(i) Resources
(ii) Minerals
(iii) Black
(iv) Laterite
(v) Afforestation
(vi) Alluvial

Coal, iron ore, petroleum, diesel etc. are the examples of
a) Biotic resources    
b) Abiotic resources
c) Renewable resources
d) Non Renewable resources

ANS (1) d

Which one of the following term is used to identify the old and new alluvial respectively ?
a) Khadar & Tarai
b) Tarai & Bangar
c) Bangar & Khadar
d) Tarai & Dvars

ANS C

Which one of the following soil is the best for cotton cultivation ?
a) Red soil
b) Black soil
c) Laterite soil
d) Alluvial soil

ANS B

How much percentage of forest area should be in the country according to the National Forest Policy.
a) 33% b) 37%
c) 27% d) 31%

ANS A

Which type of soil develops due to high temperature and evaporation ?
a) Arid Soil b) Forest Soil
c) Black Soil d) Red Soil

ANS A

Which one of the following resources can be acquired by the Nation ?
a) Potential resources b) International resources
c) National resources d) Public resources

ANS C

Which one of the following is responsible for sheet erosion ?
a) Underground water b) Wind
c) Glacier d) Water

ANS D

Which one of the following method is used to break up the force of wind?
a) Shelter belt b) Strip Cropping
c) Contour ploughing d) Terrace farming

ANS A

Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Madhya Pradesh ?
a) Mining b) Overgrazing
c) Deforestation d) Over Irrigation

ANS C

Which one of the following statements refers to the sustainable development ?
a) Overall development of various resources
b) Development should take place without damaging the environment.
c) Economic development of people.
d) Development that meets the desires of the members of all communities 

ANS B

1) Terracing on hilly area
2) Buildings Dams on hilly areas
3) Afforestation

1992 Rio­de­Janero (Brazil)
Earth summit
To achieve sustainable development in order to combat environment damage, poverty and
disease, it laid emphasis on global cooperation mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

Khadar (New Alluvium)
1) New Alluvium soil
2) Very fertile soil, less Kankar nodules

Bangar (Old Alluvium)
1) Old Alluvium or Old soil
2) Less fertile, often contains Kankar nodules

Alluvial Soil
1) Most important soil
2) Such a soil is the result of deposits of river.
3) Very fertile soil.

Utilization of land for various purposes such as cultivation grazing of animals mining
construction of roads etc.
Factors
1) Topography
2) Climate
3) Human Factor
4) Accessibility

(1) Individual resources: Owned privately by individual. Example houses pasture etc.
(2) Community Owned resources : accessible to all the members of the Community.
Example : Play ground park etc.
(3) National resources : within the political boundaries of the country.
Example : Minerals, forests etc.
(4) International resources : The oceanic resources beyond 200 Km. of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to international institutions.

Resource Planning : Resource Planning is a technique of skill of proper utilization of resources.
1. They are beneficial to human being
2. Different types of things are made by them.
3. Resources are limited. Do not waste the great gifts of the nature.

Renewable Resources
1) These Resources can be replenished and renewed.
2) These Resources which may be obtained continuously.
Example : Land, water plants etc.

Non Renewable Resources.
1) These Resources can’t be replenished and renewed.
2) These are limited in number.
Example : Coal, Mineral­oil etc.

(1) Alluvial Soil (2) Black Soil
(3) Red and Yellow Soil (4) Laterite Soil
(5) Mountain Soil (6) Desert Soil

Regur soil – Black Soil
Features
1) made up extremely fine
2) have good capacity to hold moisture.
3) develop deep cracks during hot weather.
4) rich in calcium carbonate, potash and lime

Regions
1) Maharashtra – Malva Plateau
2) Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh Plateau