CBSE - The Story of Village Palampur

Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.

a. LOCATION:
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE:
c. LAND USE (in hectares):

 

d. FACILITIES:

Answer
 

a. LOCATION: Bulandshahar district, Western Uttar Pradesh
b. TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE: 226 hectares
c. LAND USE (in hectares):
 

d. FACILITIES:

Modern farming methods involve the use of high-yielding variety seeds. These seeds require a combination of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, agricultural implements like tractors, and proper irrigation facilities like electric tube wells to produce the best results. All these elements are manufactured in industries. Hence, it would be right to say that modern farming methods make use of a greater number of industrial outputs as compared to traditional farming methods.

The spread of electricity has helped the farmers of Palampur village in the following ways :
→ Most of the houses have electric connections.
→ Electricity is used to run tubewells in the fields.
→ Electricity is used in various types of small business.

India is an agricultural country. Nearly two-thirds of the people are dependent on farming for
their livelihood. But of the total cultivated area in the country, a little less than 40 per cent is
irrigated even today. In the remaining areas, farming is largely dependent on rainfall which is
irregular and uncertain. Modern farming methods cannot be used in the absence of assured
adequate water supplies. India cannot achieve the goal of self-sufficiency in food grains unless
the area under irrigation is increased.

Farm workers at Palampur village get lower wages than the minimum wages fixed by the government. The minimum wages for a farm labourer is fixed at Rs 115 per day. But farm labourers get only Rs 70 - 80. This happens because of heavy competition for work among the farm labourers at Palampur village.

The different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are:

→ Multiple Cropping : It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. Under it, more than one crop is grown on the same piece of land during the year. Indian farmers should grow at least two main crops in a year. In India, some farmers are growing a third crop also over the past 20 years.

→ Modern Farming Methods : Production on the same piece of land can also be increased by adopting modern farming methods. The Green Revolution in India is a remarkable example of it. Under modern farming, more cultivable areas should be brought under HYV seeds and irrigation. The use of simple wooden plough must be replaced by tractors. The increasing use of farm machinery like tractors, threshers, harvesters, etc. make cultivation faster.

A farmer with 1 hectare of land shall put under the category of small farmer. Most of the work would be done by the farmer and his family members. The farmer will normally use a pair of bullocks to plough the field. His family members would assist him in sowing the seeds. During harvest time, he may require to hire some labourers.

Medium and large farmers usually have surplus cash by selling their farm produce. Since they have land and house, they easily get loan from banks. Small farmers, on the other hand, may not be able to get bank loans. They have to depend on the local merchant and moneylender for loan.

Savita required money for buying seeds, fertilisers and pesticides, and water for irrigation. She also needed money for repairing her farm instruments. So, she decided to borrow money from Tejpal Singh, a large farmer in her village. Tejpal Singh agreed to give the loan of Rs. 3000 at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months. He also got her to agree to work on his field during the harvest season for Rs. 35 a day.

Savita’s condition would have been better if she could get a loan from the bank. The bank would have provided her the loan at a low rate of interest. Moreover, Savita could have devoted more time on her own field instead of working for Tejpal Singh as farm labourer.

Three things that need to be done to encourage non-farm production activities in villages:
→ The government should set up schemes whereby landless labourers and small farmers are able to get cheap loans to start small individual/community businesses.
→ In addition to financial assistance, the government should set up rural workshops to enable the villagers to build on their skill levels.
→ The government should also work towards improving the infrastructure of villages so that the rural parts of the country are well connected to the urban areas.

1.Which of the following is grown in the rainy season?
(a) Jowar and bajra (b) Wheat
(c) Soyabean (d) Rice

Q.2. Which of the following is a Rabi crop?
(a) Wheat (b) Rice
(c) Cotton (d) Jowar and bajra

Q.3. Which of the following is fixed capital?
(a) Tools and machines (b) Fertilisers and pesticides
(c) Soil (d) Seeds

Q.4. Which of the following is a standard unit of measurement of land?
(a) Bigha (b) Hectare
(c) Acre (d) Guintha

Q.5. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is
(a) Rs. 50 (b) Rs. 60
(c) Rs. 70 (d) Rs. 80

Q.6. Money in hand is an example of
(a) Human capital (b) Fixed capital
(c) Working capital (d) Physical capital

Q.7. HYV seeds stands for
(a) Heavy yielding variety seeds (b) High yielding variety seeds
(c) Half yielding variety seeds (d) None

Q.8. What is the main production activity in Palampur village?
(a) Farming (b) Animal husbandry
(c) Transport (d) Small­scale manufacturing

Q.9. Multiple cropping means growing
(a) only two crops (b) only three crops
(c) upto four crops (d) more than one crop

Q.10. Land under cultivation (in million hectares) in India in the year 2000 was
(a) 120 (b) 130
(c) 140 (d) 150

Q.11. Which area in India has a low level of irrigation?
(a) Deccan plateau (b) Coastal regions
(c) Riverine plains (d) Both (a) and (b)

Q.12. Modern farming methods were tried in India for the first time in
(a) Punjab ( b) Western U.P.
(c) Haryana (d) All the above

Q.13. Which of the following is a modern farming method?
(a) Multiple cropping (b) Use of HYV seeds
(c) Use of chemical fertilisers (d) Both (b) and (c)

Q.14. Production of pulses (in million tonnes) in India during 2000­01 was
(a) 10 (b) 11
(c) 14 (d) 12

Q.15. Which one is a natural resource?
(a) Labour (b) Raw materials
(c) Mineral (d) None of the above

Q.16. High yielding variety seeds (HYV) were introduced to Indian farmers as a result of
(a) White Revolution (b) Green Revolution
(c) IT Revolution (d) None of the above

Q.17. Which Kharif crop is used for cattle feed?
(a) Sugarcane (b) Potato
(c) Jowar and bajra (d) Wheat

Q.18. The activities such as small manufacturing, transport, shopkeeping are referred to as
(a) Non­economic activities (b) Non­farming activities
(c) Non­traditional activities (d) Non­market activities

Q.19. High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are developed in
(a) Research institutes (b) Factories
(c) Krishak Bharati Cooperatives (d) None of the above

Q.20. The concept of White Revolution is associated with
(a) food crops (b) milk
(c) cotton (d) pesticides

Ans.

1 (a), 2 (a), 3 (a) , 4 (b), 5 (b),
6 (c), 7 (b), 8 (a), 9 (d), 10 (c),
11 (a), 12(d),13 (d),14 (b),15
(c),16 (b), 17 (c), 18 (b), 19 (a), 20 (b)

Q.21. Who is a person who puts together land, labour and capital?
(a) Moneylender (b) Entrepreneur
(c) Zamindar (d) Manager

Q.22. A farmer who works on a piece of 1 hectare of land is treated as
(a) Medium farmer (b) small farmer
(c) large farmer (d) none of the above

Q.23. Scope of farming activity is limited in Palampur due to
(a) Fixed amount of land (b) lack of irrigation
(c) lack of labour (d) none of the above

Q.24. What is done to surplus wheat in Palampur?
(a) Sold in the market (b) Destroyed
(c) Stocked by self (d) Given in charity

Q.25. Consumption of chemical fertilisers is highest in which state of India?
(a) Punjab (b) Haryana (c) Rajasthan (d) Himachal Pardesh

Q.26. People of Palampur sell milk in the near by large village named:
(a) Pitampura (b) Siliguri
(c) Shahpur (d) Raiganj

Q.27. Out of the total cultivated areas in the country, how much area is irrigated today :
(a) less than 40% (b) less than 30%
(c) less than 60% (d) less than 70%

Q.28. 'Operation Flood' is related to :
(a) control flood (b) produce fish
(c) milk production (d) grain production

Q.29. Green Revolution is related to :
(a) Milk Production (b) Grain production
(c) Fish production (d) none of these

Q.30. Where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for the capital in Palampur?
(a) Banks (b) Co­operative Societies
(c) Village money lenders (d) Friends and relatives

Q.31. Which one among the following is not fixed capital?
(a) Machines (b) Buildings
(c) Tools (d) Raw materials

Q.32. Why do the farmers of Palampur follow multiple cropping? Choose the correct answer.
(a) Because the water consumption is less in this method
(b) Because this method consumes less chemical fertilisers
(c) Because this method doesn't require fertile soils
(d) Because this method is the most common way of increasing production

Q.33. Which of the following transformed the system of irrigation in Palampur?
(a) Tubewells (b) Persian wheel
(c) Rainwater harvesting (d) None of these

Q.34. How many families lives in Village Palampur?
(a) 150 (b) 250
(c) 350 (d) 450

Q.35. Which one among the following is a non­farm activity?
(a) Multiple croppping (b) Crop rotation
(c) Dairy farming (d) Modern farming

Q.36. Which one of the following is not an effect of the modern farming?
(a) Soil degradation (b) Deforestation
(c) Decrease in groundwater (d) Water pollution

Q.37. Marginal farmers are those :
(a) who use modern methods for farming
(b) who practice crop rotation for farming
(c) who did not have sufficient land for farming
(d) who use modern methods of irrigation

Q.38. Working capital stands for :
(a) Tools, machines and buildings
(b) raw materials and money in hand
(c) total share capital
(d) fixed deposits in financial institutions

Q.39. Which is the most abundant factor of production in India?
(a) Land (b) Capital
(c) Labour (d) Tools and machines

Q.40. Multiple Cropping refers to :
(a) Cultivation of wheat and rice
(b) cultivation of two crops in alternate rows
(c) cultivating more than one crop on the same field each year
(d) cultivating crops and rearing animals on the same farm

ANSWER

21 (b), 22 (b), 23 (a), 24 (a), 25 (a),
26 (d), 27 (a),28 (c),29 (d),30 (c),
31 (d), 32 (d), 33 (a), 34 (c), 35 (c),
36 (d), 37 (c), 38 (b), 39 (c), 40(c)

The working capital 

Raw material 

Labour 

Working Capital 

1. Production activity is an economic activity which involves a production of a goods and services to satisfy the needs of people.

2. It is the process of manufacturing of some things.

3. In this process raw material is converted into finished goods.

4. Goods are converted in to more valuable goods 

1. Multiple cropping is the method by which intensive use of the same piece of the land is possible.

2. To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping.

3. It is most common way of increasing production a given piece of land.

4. By doing multiple cropping the yield per hectare increases and the farmers earn huge profit 

1. India was transformed into a food surplus country.

2. India start exporting food grains to the international market.

3. Agro-based industries are also developed due to the green revolution.

4. It led to the development of agricultural tools and equipment manufacturing industries. 

1. Land is natural resource and modern farming methods have over used the natural resource base.

2. Due to the use of modern farming methods the fertility of soil decreases.

3. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are also responsible for the land degradation.

4. Due to over irrigation the ground water level is also decreasing.

5. There for it is necessary to take care of the environment to ensure sustainable development of agriculture. 

1. Some portion of production is kept as a seed propose for the next year is the traditional seeds.  

2. Traditional seeds give low yields.

3. It needs less irrigation.

4. These seeds are readily available with the farmer so they don’t have to buy them. 

1. HYV seeds are High Yielding varieties.

2. These are prepared after a great research by the agricultural scientists.

3. The HYV seeds give high yield.

4. They need plenty of water and fertilizers. 

1. Traditional seeds are used.

2. For irrigation depend upon monsoon.

3. Wooden tools and equipment are used.

4. Bullock carts are used to plough land.

5. The production is done for family use.

6.    Manure and cow dung is used to increase the fertility of soil. 

1. HYV seeds are used.

2. For irrigation depend upon tub well.

3. Advance and mechanical tools and equipment are used.

4. Tractors are used to plough land.

5. The production is done for commercial farming.

6.     Fertilizers and chemicals are used to increase the fertility of soil. 

1. Rabi crops are grown in the winter season.

2. These crops are sown in the month of October and November.

3. These crops are harvested in the months of March and April.

4. Wheat, mustard, peas are the main crops of this season.

1. Kharif crops are grown in the rainy season.

2. These crops are sown in the month of June and July.

3. These crops are harvested in the months of September and October.

4. Jowar, Bajra and Paddy are the main crops of this season 

1. Tool and machines, building range from very simple tools such as a farmers’ plough to sophisticated machines generator, turbines, computers etc. Tools, machines. Building can be used in production over many years. These are called fixed capital.  

2. Production requires a variety of raw materials such as yarn, used by the weavers and clay used by the potter. Also some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Raw material and money in hand are called working capital. 

1. Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for their capital.

2. They borrow from large farmers or the money lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation.

3. These traders and money lenders charge very high interest rate.  

4. The small farmers are put to great distress to repay the loan. E. Sometimes they caught in debt-trap. 

1. Human capital is considered to be the best.

 2. This is because man has knowledge and ability to put together land, labour and physical capital.

3. And produce an output either to use self or to sell in the market.

4. Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in them. 

1. Working capital means raw material and money in hand for making payments and buying necessary items for production.

2. For production machinery HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides are required to increase the production.

3. All these inputs are working capital 

1. In Palampur, about 1/3 of 450 families are land less.

2. 240 families cultivate small plots of land less than 2 hectares in size.

3. 60 families of medium and large farmers cultivate land of more than 2 hectares in size.

4. A few of the large farmers have land extending over 10 hectares or more.

5. On the other hand, more than half the area of the village is covered by plots that are quite large in size

1. Modern farming methods need tractors, harvesting machines and other mechanical tools. To purchase them huge amount of money is required.

2. Modern farming methods need HYV seeds to increase the production. To purchase them huge amount of money is required.

3. The price of chemicals and expenditures are very high.  

4. Installing tub wells to irrigate fields is a very costly process.

5. Modern farming also needs skilled workers. To hire the skilled workers, huge amount of capital is required to make their payments.