CBSE - Water Resources

Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as 'suffering from water scarcity' or 'not suffering from water scarcity'.
(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.
(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.

Answer

(a) Not suffering from water scarcity
(b) Suffering from water scarcity
(c) Suffering from water scarcity
(d) Not suffering from water scarcity

Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multi-purpose river projects?
(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow help to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

ANS (c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilisation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Rajasthan Canal.

Answer

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have caused the over exploitation of water resources.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow and causes the sediment to settle at the bottom of the reservoir.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline due to the Rajasthan canal.

Water is a renewable resource as it is renewed by water cycle itself, where three processes take place as evaporation, condensation and precipitation. This process of water cycle is never ending and hence, water is a renewable resource.

Water scarcity or water stress occurs when water availability is not enough to match the demand for water. It is caused by an increase in population, growing demand for water, and unequal access to it.

Multipurpose river projects help in irrigation, electricity production, flood control, inland navigation and fish breeding. However, the reservoirs destroy local flora and fauna. Many native villages are submerged, and people lose their livelihood, with little or no hope of rehabilitation.

Houses in the semi arid regions of Rajasthan have traditionally constructed tanks for storing drinking water. They are big and are a part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system. The tanks are constructed inside the main house or the courtyard, and are connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. The rain falling on the rooftop travels down and is stored in the tanks. The first spell of rain is not collected as this water cleans the roof and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent spells is collected. This water is used till the next rainy season, and is a reliable source of water even after other sources have dried up. The tanks also help in cooling the houses as rooms built around them have generally low temperatures due to conduction.

Traditional methods of rainwater harvesting like 'the rooftop method' are becoming popular in India. In Gendathur village, Mysore, about 200 households have adopted the rooftop rainwater harvesting method, thereby making the village rich in rainwater. The state of Tamil Nadu has made it compulsory for all the houses to have rooftop rainwater harvesting structures. Defaulters are severely punished.

The total volume of the world’s water is estimated to exist as ocean:
(a) 75.5% (b) 85.5%
(c) 95.5% (d) 65.5%

ANS C

Roof top rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in-
(a) Shillong (b) Guwahati
(c) Imphal (d) Patna

ANS A

On which river has Nagarjun Sager Dam been constructed?
(a) River Coyana (b) River Krishna
(c) River Godavari (d) river Tapti

ANS B

How much %of the Earth’s Surface is covered with water?
(a) About 70% (b) About 90%
(c) About 60% (d) None of these

ANS A

What is the rank of India in the world countries in the terms of Water availability per person p.a.?
(a) 129th (b) 130th

(c) 131st (d) 133rd

ANS D

It is predicated that nearly 2 billion people will live in absolute water scarcity in the year of –
(a) 2015 (b) 2020
(c) 2025 (d) 2030

ANS C

The first & the only state in India which has made Roof Top Rain water Harvesting Structured compulsory to all the across the state is –
(a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Kerala (d) none of these

ANS B

(a) To reduce run off water
 (b) To raise the water table
 (c) To reduce ground water pollution

Multipurpose river valley project consists a dam or series of dames on a river or rivers for fulfill many
purposes like:
(a) irrigation
(b) electricity
(c) control flood
(d) check soil erosion
(e) inland navigation
(f) fisheries etc.

(I) The three major sources pf irrigation in India are –
(a) Canals
(b) Wells & tube wells
(c) Tanks
 (II) Tank irrigation
 (III) Because Southern States are mostly come under Deccan plateau
 which are not suitable for irrigation by canals

“Water scarcity” means shortage of water.

CAUSES: 
(a) Unequal distribution of rainfall
(b) Large & growing population
(c) Over exploitation of water
(d)Wastage of water by people 

Two Multipurpose project which are caused social movements –
(a) Narmada –Bachao Andolan
(b) Tehri-Dam Andolan
(c) Sardar Sarover Dam
-Large scale displacement of local communities
-Environment issues
-Demand for Rehabilitation facilities from Govt.

In Meghalaya, 200 years old system of tapping stream and spring water by using Bamboo –pipes.

People developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields were converted into rain storage structure in particularly western Rajasthan Jaisalmer called Khadins and Johads in other parts of its state.

People built division channels from rivers for irrigation to their field in western Himalaya is called Guls or kuls .

i)To safeguard ours from health hazards
ii) To ensure food scarcity
iii) To protect natural ecosystem

Rainwater can be harvested in the following ways :(any four points)
i) By digging ponds and tanks.
ii) By building embankments and check dams.
iii) By making arrangements for storage of rainwater on rooftops.
iv) By constructing concrete underground reservoirs.
v) By constructing reservoirs in park and public places and covering them with concrete slabs.
vi) Building plans should invariably be made only when there is a provision for water harvesting.

The different causes of water pollution are:
(a) Mix-up of domestic wastes
(b) Mix-up of Industrial wastes,
 (c)Use of Chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture
 (d) Oil slicking by ships in oceans