(1) Artist Phillip Veit painted it to celebrate the unification of Germany
(2) Phillip Veit painted it to hang from the ceiling of St Paul's where the Frankfurt Parliament was held in 1848.
(3) Phillip Veit painted it to celebrate Bismarck's victory
(4) All the above

(1) A particular woman to represent the nation
(2) A female figure
(3) A female figure as an allegory, to represent an abstract idea of a nation in concrete form
(4) All the above