(1) A particular woman to represent the nation
(2) A female figure
(3) A female figure as an allegory, to represent an abstract idea of a nation in concrete form
(4) All the above

(1) The Balkan states were very jealous of each other
(2) Each state wanted to gain more territory at the expense of others
(3) The Balkans were also the scene of big power rivalry
(4) The Balkans were not under the control of Ottoman Empire

(1) Creation of a network of railways to promote nationalism
(2) Opposition to unhindered movement of goods, people and capital in member states
(3) Reduction of tariff barriers in states
(4) Reduction of number of currencies in Germany

(1) Peace
(2) Equality
(3) Justice
(4) Liberty