(1) Area called the Austro-Hungary
(2) Area under the Prussians
(3) Area called the Balkans
(4) Area under the Russians

(1) Major European powers manipulated nationalist sentiments of the people to further their own imperialistic designs
(2) Nationalist groups had become intolerant of each other
(3) Nationalism had become a narrow creed with limited ends
(4) All the above

(1) Revolutions
(2) Women and non-propertied men organising opposition movements, demanding equal rights throughout 19th and early 20th centuries
(3) Demand of equal political rights
(4) Return of monarchy

(1) It was the result of a long-drawn-out process and not of a sudden revolution.
(2) The wealthy and powerful English nation steadily extended its influence over the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish.
(3) Ireland and Scotland were equal partners in the union called the United Kingdoms.
(4) The British flag and national anthem were actively promoted in this Union.