Ans. alkyne

Carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid and its structural formula is as follows:

Alcohol is ethanol and its structural formula is as follows:

Compound X is as ester (ethyl ethanoate) and its structural formula is as follows:

Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. The charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitate with calcium or magnesium ions. Calcium and magnesium ions are present in hard water. Due to this, detergents are effective even in hard water. Hence, detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps.

(a) CH₃ CO CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH_3x

Ans. ketone

(b) CH₃ CH₂ CH₂ COOH

Ans. carboxylic acid

(c) CH₃ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CHO 

Ans. aldehyde

(d) CH₃ CH₂ OH

Ans. alcohol

Ethanol is heated at 443 k in presence of excess of concentrated sulphuric acid to obtain ethene. This reaction can be given by following equation:

Methanol is oxidized to methanol in liver. Methanal coagulates the cytoplasm in cells; which kills the cells. Methanal also acts on optic nerves and causes blindness. Thus, intake of even small quantity of methanal can be lethal.

When ethanol reacts with sodium, then hydrogen gas is evolved. This reaction can be given by following equation:

2 Na + CH₃CH₂OH → 2CH₃CH₂ONa +H₂

In this reaction, sulphuric acid. What is the role of sulphuric acid in this hydrogen from saturated hydrocarbon to form unsaturated hydrocarbon.