Carbon and its Compounds NCERT Solution, study material, CBSE Notes

NCERT Solution: Carbon and its Compounds

Identify and name the functional groups present in the following compounds.

Ans. alkyne

A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid C₂H₄O₂ and an alcohol in presence of a few drops of H₂SO₄. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO₄followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of (a) carboxylic acid, (b) alcohol and (c) the compound X. Also, write the reaction.

Carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid and its structural formula is as follows:

Alcohol is ethanol and its structural formula is as follows:

Compound X is as ester (ethyl ethanoate) and its structural formula is as follows:

Why detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps? Explain.

Detergents are generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. The charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitate with calcium or magnesium ions. Calcium and magnesium ions are present in hard water. Due to this, detergents are effective even in hard water. Hence, detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps.

Name the functional groups present in the following compounds

(a) CH₃CO CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH_3x

Ans. ketone

(b) CH₃ CH₂ CH₂ COOH

Ans. carboxylic acid

Ans. aldehyde

(d) CH₃ CH₂ OH

Ans. alcohol

How is ethene prepared from ethanol? Give the reaction involved in it.

Ethanol is heated at 443 k in presence of excess of concentrated sulphuric acid to obtain ethene. This reaction can be given by following equation:

Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment.

Methanol is oxidized to methanol in liver. Methanal coagulates the cytoplasm in cells; which kills the cells. Methanal also acts on optic nerves and causes blindness. Thus, intake of even small quantity of methanal can be lethal.

A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.

When ethanol reacts with sodium, then hydrogen gas is evolved. This reaction can be given by following equation:

2 Na + CH₃CH₂OH → 2CH₃CH₂ONa +H₂

Ethene is formed when ethanol at 443 K is heated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid. What is the role of sulphuric acid in this reaction? Write the balanced chemical equation of this reaction.

In this reaction, sulphuric acid. What is the role of sulphuric acid in this hydrogen from saturated hydrocarbon to form unsaturated hydrocarbon.