Carbon and its Compounds NCERT Solution, study material, CBSE Notes

NCERT Solution: Carbon and its Compounds

Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to form compounds with many elements. Write an example of a compound formed with

(a) chlorine (Group 17 of Periodic Table)

Ans. carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)

(b) oxygen (Group 16 of Periodic Table)

Ans. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses or dots.

(a) The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration
Ans. Electronic configuration of chlorine: 2,8,7
(b) Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.
Ans. Electron dot structure of chlorine molecule:

Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.

Both carbon and silicon show the ability of catenation. But compounds made by silicon are reactive and less stable. On the other hand, bonds formed by carbon are very strong and hence organic compounds are more stable than silicon compounds. It can be said that carbon shows better catenation ability than silicon.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two C-atoms and show addition reactions. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.

Saturated hydrocarbons generally burn with a clean flame. Unsaturated hydrocarbons burn with yellow flame and produce lot of soot. So, when ethane is burnt, it burns with a clean flame and no soot is produced. When ethene is burnt, it burns with yellow flame and produces lot of soot.

Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in column (B).

Ans. (a)→(iv) (b)→(i) (c)→(ii) (d)→(iii)

Write the structural formulae of all the isomers of hexane.

What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions?

A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also, write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

you have named. Also, write chemical equation of the reaction involved. Ans. Salt X is sodium ethanoate and the evolved gas is carbon dioxide. Take a test tube and take ethanoic acid in it. Add sodium bicarbonate to the acid. Close the mouth of the test tube with a cork and attach a delivery tube to it. Take lime water in another test tube and attach this with another and of delivery tube.

You will observe that the lime water turns milky. This shows that the evolved gas is carbon dioxide. Following reaction takes place between ethanoic acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate.

CH₃ COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH₃ COONa + CO₂+ H₂ O