These logos and certification help consumers get assured of quality while purchasing goods and services. The
organizations that monitor and issue the certificates allow the producers to use these logos provided they follow
certain quality standards.

When some foreign matter, injurious to health, is mixed with any good or natural production, it is called
 adulteration. This is the most heinous crime against humanity.

(i) BIS and ISI (ii) AGMARK (iii) HALLMARK
 It means International Organization for Standardization which has its headquarter at Geneva. It does the
 Standardization work at the international level.

The need for consumer awareness was felt because both the manufacturers and traders can go to any extent
 out of their selfishness. They can charge high prices, and resort to underweight and under measurement
 methods. Their lust for money may lead to loss of money and health of consumers. 

The different forms of consumer exploitation are:
(i) Less weigh. (ii) Defective goods. (iii) Provide poor services.
(iv) Impure quality of products/goods. (iv) High prices: sellers usually charge a price higher than the
 prescribed retail price. (v) Duplicate Articles.
(vi) False or incomplete information, misleading consumers.
(vii) Lack of safety devices which cause harm to the consumers.
(vi) Adulteration: Mixing or substituting undesirable materials in food items etc.
(vii)Unsatisfactory after sale service: supplies do not provide satisfactory behavior.
(viii) Large companies with huge wealth, power and reach can manipulate in the market.

The following factors are responsible for the consumer exploitation:
 (i) Limited information - For a correct decision and choice about a product, a consumer needs full information about the price, quality, durability, composition, etc of the Product. In the absence of full and correct information, a consumer may get exploited. 
(ii) Limited supplies- when the supply of goods is less than their demand, the prices may go high and may also encourage the tendency of hoarding. As a consequence, consumers will get exploited.
(iii) Limited competition-when there is limited competition with regard to production i.e., when producers are few and can control and restrict the supply of a product there is a possibility of manipulation in prices.
(iv) Low literacy-Illiteracy causes ignorance, which leads to exploitation of consumers. The level of awareness in our country is generally low.

These are voluntary organizations locally known as consumer forums or consumer protection councils. The main activities of the consumer forums or consumer protection councils are:
(i) They guide consumers on how to file cases in the consumer court.
(ii) They may represent individual consumers in the consumer courts.
(iii) They create awareness among the people.