Which one of the following States has the largest area under permanent forest?

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Jammu & Kashmir
(c) Punjab (d) Madhya Pradesh

ANS D

Which one of the following is a great achievement of the Chipko Movement ?

(a) More trees are planted
(b) Development in Himalayan region
(c) Successfully resisted deforestation
(d) Soil erosion get declined.

ANS C

(1) For expansion of railways.
(2) For expansion of agricultural field.
(3) For expansion of commercial and scientific forestry.
(4) For expansion of milling activities.

Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as “Permanent forest estates”
(1) These forest states are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons.
State : Madhya Pradesh (75 percent of its total forest area)

As a part of the ecological system human beings are dependent on it for their existence.
For example :
(1) We breathe in air, we drink water, we grow crops in soil, etc. These are the non living components of the ecological system.
(2) On the other hand plants, animals and other microorganisms recreate the quality of these non living components.

States ­ (i) Arunachal Pradesh (ii) Manipur
(1) There is an abundance of rainfall in N.E. States.
(2) The hilly terrain of these states protects the forests from human exploitation.

Reserved Forests 
(1) The reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable
(2) More than half of the total forests has been declared reserved forests
(3) These forests are majority found in Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttranchal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal & Maharashtra.

Protected Forests
(1) The forests lands are protected from any further depletion
(2) Almost one third of the total forest area is declared protected forests 
(3) These forests are majority found in Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan & Orissa.

(1) Expansion of railways.
(2) Conversion of forest land into agricultural land
(3) Mining activities.
(4) Large Scale development projects like river valley project etc.
(5) Grazing of Pastoral animals.
(6) Hunting and poaching of wild animals.