NCERT Solution: Gender, Religion and Caste
Gender division simply refers to the division of work between the men and the women. Some work especially the households such as cooking, washing, cleaning, etc. are exclusively meant for the women while the man have some other defined areas of work.
(1) The gender division between the men and women does not mean that men cannot do household works. They simply think that it is for women to attend the household works.
(2) The gender division also doesn’t mean that women do not work outside their home.
(1) A communal thought always tends to establish political dominance offer particular religious community.
(2) The country weakens when political parties are formed and political activities are conducted on the communal lines.
(3) One of the most ugly face of communalism emerges out in the form of riots, violence and homicides.
(1) Sexual division of Labour.
(2) Illiteracy
(3) Lack of Representation in politics.
(4) Discrimination in Job.
(1) Positive Impacts
(i) Caste Politics relationship has helped people from Dalits and OBCs to gain better access to decision making.
(ii) Now people are making voice for the end of discrimination against particular castes for more dignity and more access to land, other resources and opportunities.
(2) Negative Impacts
(i) It can divert attention from other pressing issues like poverty, development and corruption.
Sometimes a few underprivileged castes get more benefit while other underprivileged classes remain deprived.
(ii) Sometimes it also disrupts social harmony.
The feminist movement refers to the agitation demanding enhancing the political and legal status of movement.
(1) The gender issues or equality of men and women, as a result of feminist movement was raised in politics.
(2) The political expressions and political mobilization helped improve women’s role in public life.
(3) As a result of the expression of gender division in politics many legislations were passed by which women were empowered in the social, economic and political feels.
(1) The people from the backward classes have been given reservation in the government jobs as per the their proportion in the population.
(2) To give them fair representation in the Vidhan Sabha and the Lok Sabha.
(3) To help them move forward in the field of higher education. The seats have been reserved for them.
(4) The constitution also prohibits any type of caste discrimination.
(1) Women have less than 10% representation in the Indian legislature. In the State legislature their representation is even less than 5%.
(2) The provision of equal wages for women without any discrimination has been made under the Equal Wages Act.
(3) There is a tendency of female infanticide in many parts of the country. Domestic violence against women, their exploitation etc. always have been the part of daily news. In this regards, the government has brought Domestic Violence Act which proves and effective steps.