Organic matter is important for crops because
(a) it helps in improving soil structure.
(b) it helps in increasing water holding capacity of sandy soil.
(c) in clayey soil large quantity of organic matter helps in drainage and in avoiding water logging

Excess use of fertilizers causes environmental pollution as their residual and unused amounts will become pollutants for air, water and soil.

(a) Farming without the use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides is
known as __________.
Ans. organic farming.
(b) Growing of wheat and groundnut on the same field is called as __________.
Ans. mixed cropping.
(c) Planting soyabean and maize in alternate rows in the same field is called as __________.
Ans. inter cropping.
(d) Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession is known as
__________.
Ans. crop rotation.
(e) Xanthium and Parthenium are commonly known as __________.
Ans. weeds.
(f) Causal organism of any disease is called as __________.
Ans. pathogen

Column A	Column B
a. Cattle used for tiling and carting	i . Milk Producing Female
b. Indian breed of chickens	ii. Broilers
c. Sahiwal , Red Sindhi	iii. Drought Animals
d. Milch	iv . Local breed of cattles
e. chicken better fed for obtaining meat	v. aseel

Ans. (a)�(iii) (b)�(v) (c)�(iv) (d)�(i) (e)�(ii)

Farmers of low rainfall area will be suggested to
(a) practice farming with drought resistant and early maturing varieties of crops.
(b) to enrich the soil with more humus content as it increases the water holding capacity and retains water for longer duration.

Wheat, rice, berseem, maize, gram, oat, pigeon gram, sudan grass, lentil, soyabean, groundnut, castor and mustard.
(1) Energy yielding— wheat, rice, maize
(2) Protein yielding— gram, pigeon gram, lentil, soybean
(3) Oil yielding— groundnut, castor, mustard, soybean
(4) Fodder crops— barseem, oat, sudan grass

Hybridization— Hybridization refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar organisms.

Photoperiod— Duration of sunlight available to the plant is called as photoperiod. It affects the growth, flowering and maturation of crops.

(a) Photoperiod affect the __________.
Ans. Flowering of plants
(b) Kharif crops are cultivated from __________ to __________.
Ans. June to October
(c) Rabi crops are cultivated from __________ to __________.
Ans. November to April
(d) Paddy, maize, green gram and black gram are __________ crops.
Ans. Kharif
(e) Wheat, gram, pea, mustard are __________ crops.
Ans. Rabi