Factors causing loss of grains during storage:
→ Biotic Factors: Insects, rodents, fungi and bacteria etc.
→ Abiotic Factors: Moisture Content and Temprature etc.

Cross Breeding is commonly used for improving cattle breeds.Cross breeding between two good varieties of cattle will produce a new improved variety. For example, the cross between foreign breeds such as Jersey Brown, Swiss and Indian breeds such as Red Sindhi, Sahiwal produces a new variety having qualities of both breeds

Discuss the implications of the following statement:

"It is interesting to note that poultry is India's most efficient converter of low fibre food stuff (which is unfit for human consumption) into highly nutritious animal protein food."

Answer

Poultry in India is the most efficient converter of low fibre food stuff into highly nutritious animal protein food. In poultry farming, domestic fowls are raised to produce eggs and chicken. For this, the fowls are given animal feeds in the form of roughage, which mainly consists of fibres. Thus, by feeding animals a fibre rich diet, the poultry gives highly nutritious food in the form of eggs and chicken.

Common management practices in dairy and poultry farming are:
→ Proper shelter facilities and their regular cleaning.
→ Some basic hygienic conditions such as clean water, nutritious food, etc.
→ Animals are kept in spacious, airy, and ventilated place.
→ Prevention and cure of diseases at the right time is ensured.

Layers are meant for egg production, whereas broilers are meant for poultry meat. Nutritional, environmental, and housing conditions required by broilers are different from those required by egg layers. A broiler chicken, for their proper growth, requires vitamin rich supplements especially vitamin A and K. Also, their diet includes protein rich food and enough fat. They also require extra care and maintenance to increase their survival rate in comparison to egg layers.

Fish can be obtained by two ways:
→ Capture fishing: It is the process of obtaining fish from natural resources.
→ Culture fishery: It is the practice of farming fishes. Farming can be done in both freshwater ecosystem (which includes river water, pond water) and marine ecosystem.

Bee varieties having the following desirable characters are suitable for honey production:
→They should yield high quantity of honey.
→ They should not sting much.
→ They should stay in the beehive for long durations.
→ They should breed very well.

The advantages of composite fish culture are:

→ Fish can be grown in crop fields especially paddy.
→ Intensive Fish farming is possible because plenty of water is available during crop seasons.
→ In this system both local and imported fish species can be cultivated.