The Simon Commission was constituted by the Tory Government in Britain, under Sir John Simon. The objective of the Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest some constitutional changes. But nationalists in India opposed the Commission because it had not a single Indian member. Therefore, when the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan “Go Back Simon”. All parties, including Congress and the Muslim league, participated in the demonstrations.

→ The image of Germania was the symbol of German nation whereas; the image of Bharat Mata was the symbol of Indian nation.
→ Both images inspired nationalists who worked very hard to unify their respective countries and to attain a liberal nation.
→ The image of Bharat Mata is different from that of Germania in the sense that former reflects the religious basis of its making.
→ The image of Bharat Mata painted by Abanindranath Tagore is bestowed with learning, food, clothing and some ascetic quality also. Another painting of Bharat Mata in which we find Mata holding Trishul and standing beside a lion and an elephant – symbols of power and authority. This image appears to be more akin to the image of Germania where she holds a sword and a shield.

The different social groups that joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 were the urban middle class comprising lawyers, teachers and headmasters, students, peasants, tribals and workers.
→ The middle class joined the movement because the boycott of foreign goods would make the sale of their textiles and handlooms go up.
→ The peasants took part in the movement because they hoped they would be saved from the oppressive landlords, high taxes taken by the colonial government.
→ Plantation workers took part in the agitation hoping they would get the right to move freely in and outside the plantations and get land in their own villages.

The Salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because it was done in revolt against a commodity- salt, used by the rich and the poor alike. The tax on salt, and the government monopoly over its production was a severely oppressive administrative move. The Salt March was effective also because Gandhiji met a large number of commoners during the march and he taught them the true meaning of swaraj and non-violence. By peacefully defying a law and making salt against government orders, Gandhiji set forth an example to the whole nation of how the oppressor could be confronted in a non-violent manner. This also led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

Political leaders differed sharply over the question of separate electorates because of differences in opinion. While those supporting the cause of minorities and the dalits believed that only political empowerment would resolve their social backwardness, others like Gandhiji thought that separate electorates would further slow down the process of their integration into society. Also, it was feared that the system of separate electorates would gradually divide the country into numerous fragments because every community or class would then ask for separate representations.

Q.1 Which of the following in true with reference of Satyagraha?
(A) It emphasized the muscle power (B) It emphasized the Power of truth
(C) Gandhiji successfully fought the racist regime of South Africa with the novel method.
a) Only A is true b) Only B is true c) Both A and B are true d) Both B and C are true

Q.2 At which place congress session of September 1920 held.
a) Nagpur b) Calcutta C) Lahore d) Madras

Q.3 Who was the leader of the Peasant Movements of Awadh?
a) Alluri sitaram Raju b) Baba Ramchandra c) Mahatma Gandhi d) None of the above

Q.4 Under which act the Plantations workers of Assam were not permitted to leave the tea garden?
a) The Rowlatt Act b) Cripps Mission c) The Inland Migration act d) The Inland Emigration act

Q.5 Name the leaders who founded Swaraj Party?
a) CR Das and Motilal Nehru b) CR Das and Jawaharlal Nehru
c) CR Das and Gandhiji d) CR Das and Dr B.R Ambedkar

Q.6 At which of the following place did Gandhiji make salt out of sea water
(a) Ahmedabad (b) Wardha (c) Sabarmati (d) Dandi

Q.7 Who wrote 'Hind Swaraj?
a) Subhas Chandra Bose b) Jawaharlal Lal Nehru c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Sardar Patel

Q.8 Which incident forced Gandhiji to halt the Non – cooperation movement?
A) Jallianwala Bagh massacre b) The Rowlett act c) Chauri Chaura d) Arrest of Alluri Sitaram Rammaya 

Q.9 Who among the following led the civil disobedience movement in Peshawar ?
a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad b) Mohamad Ali c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan d) None of the above

Q.10 Who first created the image of Bharatmata?
(a) Abanindranath Tagore (b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(C) Rabindra nath Tagore d) None of the above 

Answer Key of Multiple Choice Questions
1. ( d ) 2. ( b ) 3. ( b )  4. ( d ) 5. ( a ) 6. ( d ) 7. ( c ) 8. ( c) 9. ( c ) 10. ( b ) 

Foreign goods were boycotted, Liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfire many traders refused to import foreign cloth the import of foreign cloth reached to half.

(1) Khadi was more expensive than the mill produced cloth and the poor could not afford it.
(2) British institutions were boycotted but the process of establishing Indian institutions was slow so the students and teachers started joining the British institution again.