1. Temperature makes very important impact on the vegetation.

2. Very hot areas like desert etc., have throne type of vegetation.

3. The cold areas such as the Himalayas have different type of vegetation. In the hilly areas, we may find tropical to sub-tropical and alpine vegetation.

4. Thus, temperature plays very important role in the growth of vegetation. 

1. Biome means plant community occurring in distinct groups in areas having similar climatic conditions.

2. In other words a very large ecosystem on land having different types of flora and founa is termed as biome.

3. The biomes are categorized or identified on the basis of plant species. Thus, there may be many biomes. 

1. The fallen leaves of the trees add humus to soil. Hence, the forests help in increasing the fertility of the soil.

2. Forests assist to check floods. The roots of trees absorb rain water. They regulate the flow water and help in controlling the floods.

3. Forests help in the prevention and control of soil erosion

1. These forests are restricted to torrential rainfall areas of Western Ghats and the island group of Lakshadweep and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu.

2. The areas having more than 200cm of rainfall with a short dry season are the most suitable for such forests.

3. The trees reach great heights up to 60 meters or even above. This area has luxuriant vegetation including tree of all kinds, shrubs and creepers giving it a multi-layered structure as the region remains warm and wet throughout the year. 

1. The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts.

2.  Dense mangroves are the common varieties with roots of the plant submerged under water.

3.  The deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Krishna, the Godavari and the Kaveri are covered by such vegetation.  

4. In the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, sundari trees are found, which provide durable hard timber.

5. Palm, coconut, krora, agar, also grow in some parts of the delta.

6.    Royal Bengal Tiger is a famous animal in these forests. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests. 

1. Our country is one of the twelve mega bio-diversity countries of the world.

2. With about 47000 plant species India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity.

3. There are about 15000 flowering plants in India which account for 6% in the world’s total number of flowering plants.

4. The country has many non-flowering plants such as ferns, algae and fungi.  

5. India also has approximately 90000 species of animals as well as rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters

1. Why are there great variations in the bio forms of India?

(a) Because of vast size

(b) Because of small size

(c) Because of landmass

(d) Because of water bodies

2. What is the rank of India in the world in respect of plant diversity?

(a) 10th

(b) 12th

(c) 5th

(d) 6th

3. At what rank does India stand in the world in respect of number of flowering plants?

(a) 10%

(b) 5%

(c) 6%

(d) 12%

4. Natural vegetation referring to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time, is termed as

(a) endemic vegetation

(b) virgin vegetation

(c) natural vegetation

(d) desert vegetation

5. Flora is referred to as

(a) species of animals

(b) species of plants

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) none of these

6. Why is there a difference in the duration of sunlight at different places?

(a) Due to difference in altitudes

(b) Due to difference in water bodies

(c) Due to difference in longitudes

(d) Due to difference in latitudes

7. What is the duration of south-west monsoon in India?

(a) October to November

(b) December to March

(c) June to September

(d) None of these

8. 'All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical environment.' What is the name given to this interrelationship and interdependence?

(a) Physical environment,

(b) Ecosystem

(c) Biomes

(d) Food chain

9. What is the basis of identifying biomes on the earth?

(a) Animals

(b) Plants

(c) Fish

(d) Buffalo

10. What restricts the Tropical Evergreen Forests?

(a) Temperature

(b) Rainfall

(c) Airpressure

(d) Air current

11. Name the forests in which teak is the most dominant species.

(a) Tropical evergreen forests

(b) Tropical thorn forests and scrubs

(c) Tropical deciduous forests

(d) Mangrove forests

12. In thorn forests and scrubs, why are leaves of trees mostly thick and small?

(a) To maximise evaporation

(b) To minimise evaporation

(c) To reduce moisture

(d) To do nothing

13. In which type of forests does Sundari tree belong?

(a) Tropical evergreen forests

(b) Tropical thorn forests and scrubs

(c) Tropical deciduous forests

(d) Mangrove forests

14. Name the animal which lives in swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal.

(a) Elephants

(b) One horned Rhinoceros

(c) Nilgai

(d) Lion

15. Give an example of biosphere reserve of India.

(a) Corbett Park

(b) Kawal

(c) Pachmari

(d) Guindy

16. What have been set up to take care of natural heritage?

(a) Setting up of National Parks

(b) Setting up of Wildlife Sanctuaries

(c) Setting up of Zoological Gardens

(d) Setting up of all of these

Answers:

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a)

6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)

11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (c)

16. (d)

Mountane Forests