The Indian farmers were reluctant to grow opium due to:
→The crop had to be grown on the best land, on fields that lay near the villages and were well manured.
→ This land was usually used for growing pulses. If opium was grown on fertile and well manured land then pulses would have to be grown on less fertile land and yield would not be good in quality as well as quantity.
→ The cultivation of opium was difficult and time-consuming as the plants required looking after. As a consequence, the cultivators would not have time to look after their other produce.
→ The farmers had to pay the rent for their land to the landlords. This rent was very high. The cultivators owned no land.
→ Finally, the price the government paid for the opium produce was very low and would provide the farmers with no profits.

Q.1. The continuous movement of the pastoral communities helps in
(a) Recovery of the pastures (b) prevention of their overuse
(c) Reduction in the demand of houses (d) both A and B

Q.2. which practice disappeared by 1800, drastically changing the lives of the labourers?
(a) Till 1800, the labourers lived with landowners, ate with their masters and helped themthroughout the year doing various jobs
(b) Now they were paid wages and employed only during harvest times
(c) To increase their profits the landlords cut the amount they had to spend on their workers
(d) All the above

Q.3. why did the white settlers want to push away the Indian Americans from their lands?
(a) The land possessed by the Indians could be turned into cultivated fields
(b) Forest timber could be exported, animals hunted for skins, mountains mined for gold and Minerals
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) It was a committed policy of the US Government

Q.4. Who was Captain Swing?
(a) A farmer (b) A labourer (c) A mythical name (d) A landlord

Q.5. Which of these reasons led to a radical transformation of the landscape by the early 20th century?
(a) White Americans had moved westward (b) Local tribes were displaced
(c) Entire landscape was carved into different agricultural belts in the USA (d) All the above

Q.6. what were the reasons of the dust storms?
(a) Early 1930s were years of persistent drought
(b) The wind blew with ferocious speed
(c) The entire landscape had been ploughed over, stripped of all the grass that held ittogether.
(d) All the above

Q.7. In the 19th century, the two major commercial crops India came to produce for the world Market were
(a) indigo (b) opium (c) maize (d) both (a) and (b)

Q.8. Why were the Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus, suspicious of all foreign Merchants?
(a) The British were buying tea at very low rates
(b) They feared that the British would interfere in local politics and disrupt their authority
(c) China was self­sufficient and did not want to trade with any country
(d) All the above

Q.9. Name the US President who said “Plant more wheat, wheat will win the war.”
(a) President Roosevelt (b) President Clinton (c) President Bush (d) President Wilson

Q.10. How much land did the wheat barons possess at this time in the USA?
(a) 1000­2000 acres of land (b) 2000­3000 acres of land
(c) 3000­4000 acres of land (d) 4000­5000 acres of land

 

ANSWERS
Q.1.(d)2.(d)3.(c)4.(c)5.(d)6.(d)7.(d)8.(b)9.(d)10.(b)

Q.11. In 1831, Cyrus McCormick invented the first mechanical reaper. What was its most Important advantage?
(a) In could harvest 50 acres of wheat (b) 500 acres of wheat could be harvested in two weeks
(c) It could cut grass on large areas (d) It could prepare the ground for cultivation

Q.12. Which one of these is not the correct option for the cause of the Great Agrarian Depression in the USA?
(a) Production had declined rapidly (b) Storehouses overflowed with grain
(c) Vast amount of corn and wheat were turned into animal feed (b) Wheat prices fell and export markets collapsed

Q.13. What did the settlers of the Great Plains realise after the 1930s?
(a) Using older methods of cultivation were better than modern machines
(b) Competition with other countries was not healthy
(c) They had to respect the ecological conditions of each region
(d) None of the above

Q.14. What was Chinese Emperor’s order about the use of opium in China?
(a) The British were allowed to sell opium in China
(b) The Chinese Emperor told his people to cultivate more and more opium
(c) The Emperor had forbidden its production and sale except for medicinal purposes
(d) None of the above
 
Q.15. In 1839, who was sent by the Emperor to Canton as a Special Commissioner to stop the opium trade?
(a) I­tsing (b) Lin Ze­xu (c) Lao­Tsu (d) None of the above

Q.16. What was the result of the ‘Opium War’ (1837­42)?
(a) China was forced to accept the humiliating terms of the subsequent treaties signed
(b) It had to legalise the opium trade
(c) It had to open up China to foreign merchants
(d) All the above

Q.17. What did the enclosure imply?
(a) It meant green fields (b) Piece of land enclosed from all sides
(c) It meant open fields (d) Vast area of marshy land

Q.18. The Great Agrarian Depression of the 1930s was caused by
(a) overproduction of wheat (b) fall of wheat production
(c) rise in the price of wheat (d) overproduction of rice

Q.19. Opium was exported from India to:
(a) China
(b) Rome
(c) U.K.
(d) Portugal

Q.20. The Manchus were
(a) Chinese rulers
(b) Roman rulers
(c) Indian rulers
(d) Portuguese rulers

ANSWERS
11.(b)12.(a)13.(c)14.(c)15.(d)16.(d)17.(b)18.(a)19(a)20(a)
 

Wilson

45 million

Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper 

In 1930s 

1. By the end of the 18th century, France was at war with England.

2. This disrupted trade and the import of food grains from Europe.

3. Prices of food grains in England sky rocketed, encouraging landowners to enclose lands and enlarge the area under grain cultivation.

4. Profits flowed in and landowners pressurized the parliament to pass the Enclosure Act.