The major components of population growth are Birth Rate, Death Rate and Migration. The difference between birth rate and death rate accounts for natural increase in population. Immigration refers to the inflow of people into a region from other regions.

The age structure of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in that population.
Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.

Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. It is a determinant factor of population change as it changes the demographics (size and composition) of both the areas of departure and arrival.

Population Growth	Population Change
It refers to the increase in the number of inhabitants of a region during a specific period of time.	It refers to the change in the distribution, composition or size of a population during a specific period of time.
Natural increase of population and immigration are the major components causing population growth.	Natural increase, immigration and emigration are the major components causing population change.

Development is related to occupational structure of the population. Countries are less developed where a higher percentage of population is engaged in primary occupations like agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fishing.
As development takes place more people move into secondary occupations like manufacturing.In highly developed societies, there are a high percentage of people involved in tertiary occupations like banking, commerce, transport and administration.

The advantages of having a healthy population are:
→ A healthy individual is much more efficient and productive than an unhealthy individual.
→ He or she is able to realise his or her potential, and play an important role in social and national development.
→ Absenteeism is low where the workers are healthy.

The National Population Policy 2000 provides a policy framework for:
→ Imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age
→ Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
→ Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases
→ Promoting delayed marriage and child bearing
→ Making family welfare a people-centred programme
→ Providing nutritional services and food supplements to adolescents
→ Protecting adolescents from unwanted pregnancies and sexually-transmitted diseases, and educating them about the risks of unprotected sex
→ Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable

Q.1. Who among the following are resource creating factors as well as resources themselves?
(a) Animals
(b) Plants
(c) Human beings
(d) Nature
Ans. (c)
Q.2. In which of the following instances does a natural event like a flood or Tsunami become a ‘disaster’?
(a) Only when they affect a crowded village or town
(b) When the natural events are of great intensity
(c) When they happen in the environment
(d) When they affect large uninhabited areas
Ans. (a)
Q.3. The numbers, distribution, growth and characteristics of which of the following provide the basic background for
understanding and appreciating all aspects of the environment?
(a) Natural resource
(b) Population
(c) Flora
(d) Fauna
Ans. (b)
Q.4. Why is it important to know how many people are there in a country, where do they live, how and why their numbers are
increasing and what are their characteristics?
(a) Population is the pivotal element in social studies
(b) To exploit the natural resources of the country
(c) Human beings are producers and consumers of resources
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c)
Q.5. From which of the following do we get information regarding the population of our country?
(a) Textbooks
(b) Survey of India
(c) Census
(d) Geological Survey of India
ans (c)

Q.6. Which of the following is a major concern of study about the population of a country?
(a) Population size and distribution
(b) Population growth and processes of population change
(c) Characteristics or qualities of the population
(d) All the above
Ans. (d)
Q.7. India accounts for what percentage of the world population?
(a) 1.02 per cent
(b) 2.4 per cent
(c) 3.28 per cent
(d) 16.7 per cent
Ans. (d)
Q.8. Which is the most populous state of India?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Rajasthan
Ans. (b)
Q.9. Which state has the lowest population ? (CBSE 2010)
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Goa
(d) Sikkim
Ans. (d)
Q.10. Which of the following union territories of India has a very low population?
(a) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Lakshadweep
(c) Chandigarh
(d) Pondicherry
Ans. (b)
Q.11. Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states. Which one of the following is not one of these five populous
states?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Bihar
(c) West Bengal
(d) Arunachal Pradesh
Ans. (d)
Q.12. What percentage of India’s population resides in the most populated state of India, Uttar Pradesh?
(a) 31.2 per cent
(b) 16.16 per cent
(c) 9.42 per cent
(d) 7.41 per cent
Ans. (b)

Q.13. What percentage of India’s population lives in Rajasthan, the biggest state in terms of area?
(a) 16.16 per cent
(b) 8.02 per cent
(c) 7.79 per cent
(d) 5.5 per cent
Ans. (d)
Q.14. The average number of persons per unit area, such as a square kilometre, is termed as which of the following?
(a) Population distribution
(b) Population density
(c) Absolute population
(d) Population growth
Ans. (b)
Q.15. Which one of the following countries has higher population density than India?
(a) China
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Canada
(d) Korea
Ans. (b)
Q.16. Which of the following figures shows the population density of India?
(a) 1028 million persons
(b) 3.28 million square km
(c) 324 persons per sq km
(d) 13 persons per sq km
Ans. (c)
Q.17. Which one of the following states has very high population density?
(a) West Bengal
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Arunachal Pradesh
Ans. (a)
Q.18. Which of the following states of India has very low population density?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Sikkim
(c) Orissa
(d) Bihar
Ans. (a)
Q.19. Which of the following states of India has a moderate population density?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans. (d)
Q.20. Which of the following southern states has a high population density?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) kerala 
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans. (c)