1. Workers were divided into social groups.  

2. They were divided by skill.

3. They had strong ties with villages. 

Soviet was a council of striking workers and soldiers formed in the February Revolution. Their  role in the revolution -

1. The Petrograd Soviet led the revolution.

2. It helped the Bolsheviks to seize he power.

3. They gained victory in the civil war. 

Vision of different socialists regarding the future of Russia

1. Englishman Robert Owen wanted to build a cooperative community.

 2. Frenchman Louis Blanc wanted the government to create cooperatives.

3. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel put forward the view that the industrial society was capitalist. They wanted to overthrow capitalism and rule of private property.

4. They also wanted workers to construct a communist society where all property was socially controlled. 

Objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries

1. Revolutionaries demanded that Russia should withdraw from the World War.

 2. The demanded that land should go to the tiller.

3. The want to establish government farms.

4. The demanded that banks and industries should be nationalized.

5. The demanded an improvement in the working conditions of workers and wages also.

6   The demanded that non Russian should be given equal status so that they could work for the development of Russia. 

Effects of the Petrograd Revolution

1. On Sunday 25 February 1917, the government suspended Duma. Politicians spoke out against the measures.

2. The streets thronged with people raising slogans about bread wages, better hours and democracy.

3. The government tried to control the situation and called out the cavalry once again. However the cavalry refused to fire on the demonstrators.

4. An officer was shot at the barracks of a regiment and three other regiments mutinied, voting to join the striking workers.

5. By the evening soldiers and striking workers had gathered to form a soviet or council in the same building as the Duma met. This was the Petrograd Soviet. 

1. Russian followed The Julian calendar until 1 February 1918.

2. The country then changed to the Gregorian calendar, which is followed everywhere today.

3. The Gregorian dates are 13 days ahead of the Julian dates.

4. So by our calendar, the February revolution took place on 12 March and October revolution took place on 7th November. 

1. M.N. Roy was an Indian revolutionary. 
2. He was a founder of the Mexican Communist Party and prominent Comintern leader in India. 
3. He was in Central Asia at the time of civil war in the 1920s. 

1. Among those the Russian Revolution inspired were many Indians.

2. Several attended the communist University.

3. By the mid-1920s the Communist Party was formed in India.

4. Important Indian political and cultural figures took an interest in the Soviet experiment and visited Russia, among them Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindernath Tagore, who wrote about Soviet Socialism.