1. Many within the Party criticized the confusion in Industrial production under the planned economy and the consequences of collectivization.

2. Stalin and his sympathizers charge these critics with conspiracy against socialism.

3. Accusations were made throughout the country, and by 1939, over 2 million were in prisons or labour camps. Most were innocent of the crimes, but no one spoke for them. 

A. Economic equality  

B. Social Equality

C. Socialism

D. Anti capitalism.

E. International fraternity of all the peasants, craftsmen and workers 

1. Socialist society in which all people enjoy equal rights and duties.

2. Power should be equally divided among the people and different sections of the society.

3. All the properties should be managed by the state. This help in controlling the accumulation of wealth. 

1. In Russia most industry was the private property of industrialists. Workers were exploited by industrialists. Wages were very low and working conditions very poor. Working hours were long.

2. In the country side peasants cultivated most of the land. But the nobility, the crown and the Orthodox Church owned large properties. In Russia peasants wanted the land of the nobles to be given to them.

3. Tsarist Russia joined on the side of the Allied Power with the aim of making some military gain. Russian army lost badly in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916. There were 7 million causalities by 1917. Such huge defeats were humiliating and shocking for people of Russia

4. Karl Marx’s theory of scientific socialism appealed to the people. He told the people to overthrow capitalism.

5. By the 1870s, socialist ideas had spread throughout Europe. Workers had formed associations to fight for better working conditions. 

1. The Russian revolution put an end to the autocratic Tsarist rule in Russia. The ruling Romanov Dynasty was abolished. 2. The new Soviet Government announced its withdrawal from First World War

3. It led to the establishment of world’s first socialist government.

4. There took place nationalization or acquisition of all industries, private property, banks, mines, telephones, and railways etc. All these declared government property.

5. It led to the beginning of planned economic development under the leadership of Stalin.

6    Under the leadership of Stalin USSR became one of the Super Power of the World.