Religion had always played a pivotal role in the lives of people in Vietnam. Vietnam's religious beliefs were a mix of Buddhism, Confucianism and local customs. Christianity looked down upon their reverence for the supernatural. In 1868, the Scholars' Revolt protested against the tyrannical spread of Christianity, and though the movement was defeated, it inspired others to follow suit. The Hoa Hoa movement in 1939 drew upon popular religious ideas of the nineteenth century, and its leader Huynh Phu So was a famous entity. These groups were not in tandem with political parties which tended to look down upon their activities with discomfort. Nevertheless, religious movements were successful in arousing anti-imperialist tendencies in the Vietnamese people.

The US got involved in the war in Vietnam because it feared that a communist government would come to power in Vietnam after the National Liberation Front formed a coalition with the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, against Ngo Dinh Diem's regime. US policy-planners feared a spread of communism to other countries in the area.
This involvement in the Vietnam war affected life within the US itself because of widespread public dissent. Only university graduates were exempt from compulsory service in the army and this caused even more anger amongst the minorities and working-class families.

From 1965 to 1972, the US-Vietnam War continued and caused losses to both US and Vietnam.
The Vietnamese people suffered human and property losses, yet they never stopped their struggle for freedom. Here it is important to mention the role played by the porters in getting freedom and unity of Vietnam. The porters set out without fear on the Ho Chi Minh Trail which was a great expansive network of roads and footpaths. The heroic porters carried as much as 25 kg to 70 kg of weight on their backs or bicycles. They did not fear that they might fall over in the deep valleys. They bravely walked on the narrow, dangerous roads that marked the treacherous routes. They also did not feel afraid of being shot down by aircraft guns. They put all their fears aside and walked on to maintain the supply line. This fact showed that the porters were heroic and patriotic.

The Vietnamese women played an important role in the US-Vietnam War. They were both warriors and workers. As warriors and soldiers, the Vietnamese women constructed six air strips, they neutralised thousands of bombs and went on to shoot down fifteen planes. There were 1.5 million Vietnamese women in the regular army, the militia, the local forces and professional teams. The women workers were also engaged as porters, nurses and construction workers.

Women played a crucial role in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam. Women who rebelled against social conventions were idealised and rebel women of the past were likewise celebrated. Trieu Au was a popular figure in nationalist tales. In the 1960s, women were represented as brave soldiers and workers. They assisted in nursing wounded soldiers, constructing underground tunnels and fighting the enemy. Interestingly, between 1965 and 1975, 70-80% of the youth working on the Ho Chi Minh trail were women.
Compared to this very direct and active participation of Vietnamese women in the anti-imperial struggle, India women did not play a very dynamic role in the nationalist struggle of India against Great Britain. They followed Gandhian ideals of boycotting foreign goods and picketing liquor shops, but mainstream politics was controlled by men; although women like Sarojini Naidu, Kamla Nehru and Kasturba Gandhi were keenly involved.

Q.1 why was Tonkin free school established?
a) They wanted to provide western type of education.
b) They wanted to provide education according to the local need.
c) They wanted to use local language.
d) They wanted to provide technical education

Q.2 On which factor was the economy of Vietnam based on?
a) Tea and Rubber Plantation b) Rice and Rubber plantation
c) Rice and wheat Farming  d) Rice and Tea plantation

Q.3 Which of the following step was taken by the French after Bubonic plague in Hanoi?
a) A rat hurt was started b) Chemicals were sprayed
c) Tree medicines were given d) None of these

Q.4 Who among the following wanted to establish a democratic republic in Vietnam?
a) Phan Boi chau b) Phan chu Trinh
c) Ho chi minh d) Huynh phu so

Q.5 Who was the founder of the Vietnamese communist party?
a) Fhan chu Trinh b) Huynh Phu so
c) Ho chi Minh d) Phan Boi chau

Q.6 Why did the US decide to intervene the Vietnam War?
a) United state supported Japan b) Communist had gained power
c) United states supported France d) None of the above

Q.7 A branch of the Restorations society was established in Tokyo by whom?
a) By teachers b) By Industrialist
c) By students d) None of the above

Q.8 What does NLF stand for?
a) National land force b) National legal foundation
c) National liberation force d) National liberation front

Q.9 Which movement started in against the spread of Christianity by the French.
a) The Hoa Hao moment b) The Liberation movement
c) The scholars Revolt d) Go east movement

Q.10 Which of the following Vietnamese women organized a large army to resist the Chinese?
 a) Trieu Au b) Nguyen Thi xuan c) Trung sisters d) None of the above
 
 Answer Key of Multiple Choice Questions
1. ( a ) 2. ( b ) 3. ( a ) 4. ( b ) 5. ( c ) 6. ( b ) 7. (c ) 8. ( d ) 9. ( c ) 10. ( c ) 

Civilizing the Vietnamese, they needed local labour force. They fear the if the Vietnamese were educated they would start questioning colonial 36 domination. The French citizen living in Vietnam feared that they might lose their jobs.

Dismantled the traditional system of education, opened French school for Vietnamese they wanted to replace the use of Chinese language.